SQL WHERE AND, OR, NOT Clause

How do I write more complex conditional logic in SQL?

WHERE conditions can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT.
A WHERE clause with AND requires that two conditions are true.

A WHERE clause with OR requires that one of two conditions is true.
And a WHERE clause with NOT negates the specified condition.

A WHERE clause with AND:

SELECT column-names
  FROM table-name
 WHERE condition1 AND condition2

A WHERE clause with OR:

UPDATE table-name
   SET column-name = value
 WHERE condition1 OR condition2

A WHERE clause with NOT:

DELETE table-name
 WHERE NOT condition

Problem: Get the customer named Thomas Hardy.

SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, City, Country
  FROM Customer
 WHERE FirstName = 'Thomas' AND LastName = 'Hardy'

Result: 1 record.

Id	FirstName	LastName	City	Country
4	Thomas	Hardy	London	UK

Problem: List all customers from Spain or France

SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, City, Country
  FROM Customer
 WHERE Country = 'Spain' OR Country = 'France'

Result: 16 records.

Id	FirstName	LastName	City	Country
7	Frédérique	Citeaux	Strasbourg	France
8	Martín	Sommer	Madrid	Spain
9	Laurence	Lebihan	Marseille	France
18	Janine	Labrune	Nantes	France
22	Diego	Roel	Madrid	Spain
23	Martine	Rancé	Lille	France

Problem: List all customers that are not from the USA

SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, City, Country
  FROM Customer
 WHERE NOT Country = 'USA'

Result: 78 records.

Id	FirstName	LastName	City	Country
1	Maria	Anders	Berlin	Germany
2	Ana	Trujillo	México D.F.	Mexico
3	Antonio	Moreno	México D.F.	Mexico
4	Thomas	Hardy	London	UK
5	Christina	Berglund	Luleå	Sweden
6	Hanna	Moos	Mannheim	Germany
7	Frédérique	Citeaux	Strasbourg	France

Problem: List all orders that are not between $50 and $15000

SELECT Id, OrderDate, CustomerId, TotalAmount
  FROM [Order]
 WHERE NOT (TotalAmount >= 50 AND TotalAmount <= 15000)
 ORDER BY TotalAmount DESC

Result: 16 records.

Id	OrderDate	CustomerId	TotalAmount
618	2/2/2014 12:00:00 AM	63	17250.00
783	4/17/2014 12:00:00 AM	71	16321.90
734	3/27/2014 12:00:00 AM	34	15810.00
175	1/22/2013 12:00:00 AM	27	49.80
24	8/1/2012 12:00:00 AM	75	48.00